- Historical Context and Key Facts on EBM Origins:
- EBM, as defined today, integrates high-quality clinical research (e.g., randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses) with clinical expertise and patient values to guide decisions. The term was coined in 1991 by Dr. Gordon Guyatt at McMaster University, Canada, building on "clinical epidemiology" from the 1960s–1970s. Key figures include:
- Alvan Feinstein (1960s), who applied epidemiological methods to reduce clinical uncertainty.
- David Sackett (1967 onward), who founded McMaster's Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
- Archie Cochrane (post-WWII), who advocated for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- Others like Suzanne and Robert Fletcher, Tom Chalmers, and Ian Chalmers contributed through meta-analysis and databases like the Cochrane Collaboration (1993).
- Earlier roots trace to 18th–19th century European figures like James Lind (scurvy trials), Pierre Louis (numerical methods), and Ignaz Semmelweis (handwashing evidence).
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