జన్యువుల వ్యక్తీకరణ ను అనుసరించి ఒక మనిషికి ఎలాంటి జబ్బులు వచ్చే అవకాశం ఉందో , ఏ మందు ఎలా పనిచేస్తుందో తెలుసుకొనే శాస్త్రాన్ని జన్యు వైద్య శాస్త్రం అంటారు.
Genomic medicine has acquired a prominent position within clinical medicine, making strong inroads into oncology (cancer), cardiology, neurology and other areas of medical science. It has played an instrumental role in the study of various infectious and rare diseases by providing new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic options.
the development of a malaria vaccine and More recently, a genomic study developed a polygenic risk score for coronary artery disease based on ancestral genetic traits in Indians.
Gene based therapies, help to personalise the medicine!
Based on current trends in development, 30–60 gene therapies are likely to be added into clinical medicine by 2030. These therapies are projected to treat about 350,000 patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and several congenital or rare diseases.
Additionally, integrating genomic testing into certain diseases that follow definitive treatment protocols, such as those in oncology, neurology and cardiology, can help identify the best-fit key medicines and reduce the risk of occurrence of side effects or further worsening of the disease.
Public health genomics :
Genomic technologies can identify the impact of genomic variants in different population subgroups and then provide tailored interventions that are more relevant to their level of risk, resulting in more efficient and effective disease prevention, screening and surveillance strategies.
these genomic applications has made governments re-assess the current public health policies and frameworks for lacunae and infrastructural deficiencies (such as the need for more genomic testing and educational training centers) that impede the effective delivery and sustainable integration of genomics within the current healthcare ecosystem.
In the last 10 years, genetic testing in India has evolved by leaps and bounds, which can be recognized from the proliferation of genomic databases, such as Index-DB, Indian Genetic Disease Database (IGDD), to name a few.
However, this progress faces technical challenges, such as the need for implementation of electronic health record (EHR) systems and lack of standardization in healthcare databases in hospitals and laboratories, thereby limiting health information exchange.
what could be done?
Recommendations from NITI Aayog, such as establishing Centers of Research Excellence and common supercomputing facilities, increasing R&D resources, and creating an ecosystem for the development and application of AI, are aimed at addressing these challenges in integrating genomics into the Indian healthcare system.
While questions related to patient-privacy and the legal implications of sharing the genomic data of an individual will modulate these advancements in the forthcoming years, the healthcare system is now moving irrevocably forward towards integrating genomics into day-to-day medical practice and genomic solutions are going to see increased adoption and growth in the forthcoming decade.
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