Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. Car emissions, chemicals from factories, dust, pollen and mold spores may be suspended as particles. Ozone, a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog.
Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's UV rays. ... Some of the other environmental effects of air pollution are haze, eutrophication, and global climate change.
Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's UV rays. ... Some of the other environmental effects of air pollution are haze, eutrophication, and global climate change.
The possible mechanism by which fine particulate air pollution may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease include
o An increase in mean resting arterial blood pressure through an increase in sympathetic tone and/or the modulation of basal systemic vascular tone.
o An increase in the likelihood of intravascular thrombosis through transient increases in plasma viscosity and impaired endothelial dysfunction
o The initiation and promotion of atherosclerosis
General effects
· There is 0.13% reduction in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) per 10 µg/m3 of PM 2.5.
· Asthma is linked to high NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) levels and bronchitis is linked to high levels of SO2 (sulphur dioxide).
· Compared to during rest, the air pollution dosage is much higher during exercise because of a higher ventilatory rate and both nasal and oral breathing. SO2, a highly water-soluble gas, is almost entirely absorbed in the upper respiratory tract during nasal breathing. However, with oral pharyngeal breathing, the amount of SO2 that is absorbed is significantly less, and with exercise and oral pharyngeal breathing a significant decrease in upper airway absorption occurs, resulting in a significantly larger dosage of this pollutant being delivered to the tracheobronchial tree.
· Combination of exercise and pollutant exposure (SO2 or ozone [O3]) leads to marked bronchoconstriction and reduced ventilatory flow when compared to pollution exposure at rest.
· Each 10 mcg/m3 increase in PM 2.5 levels can increase the chances of death from heart disease by 1.76 times and each decrease in PM 2.5 levels by 10 mcg/m3 life can increase life expectancy by 0.77 year.
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· The Women's Health Initiative Observational study database of more than 65,000 postmenopausal women without prior CVD was used to evaluate the relation between a woman's long-term exposure to air pollutants and the risk for a first cardiovascular event
· For every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, the lung cancer rate rises by 22% and for PM 2.5 by 36%.
· By reducing particulate pollution from 70 to 20 μg/m, air pollution-related deaths could be reduced by roughly 15%.
Air pollution and the heart
· Air pollution, and specifically fine particulate matter, is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.
· Air pollution has emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.
· The association of air pollution with episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) was evaluated in a study of 176 patients with dual chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) .
If u pollutes the air, then the air will pollute u!
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