Epidemic of Obesity? why the majority are obese?

The human body has evolved complex mechanisms to ensure survival through the storage of excess calories as fat. Human metabolism was biologically evolved thousands of years ago for times of famine and starvation, so we’re very efficient at storing fat. So,Nothing puts your metabolism into efficient fat-storing mode more than skipping breakfast, fasting all day and then eating a huge dinner late at night.
In Paleolithic times, opportunities for feasting were ordinarily tempered by unpredictable times of famine. But the modern world is drastically different. We no longer face the constant threat of starvation.

On the contrary, we are surrounded, 24/7 by constant access to inexpensive calorie-dense foods, while we are required to expend far less energy to obtain them. This relatively rapid change has exceeded the body’s ability to balance the intake and output of energy, resulting in ever-increasing pressure to store excess calories as fat. This situation threatens people’s physical, emotional, and financial viability.
Remember -

1. Fat/adipose tissue is not an inert storage organ, but rather an important metabolically active endocrine organ that is vital for good health and it releases a long list of hormones, enzymes, cytokines, molecules, and other factors involved in body metabolism.
2. Adipose tissue produces an enzyme known as Aromatase that converts testosterone into estrogen.  The more body fat you have, the higher your estrogen levels will be and consequently the lower your testosterone levels.  This is why obese men can develop gynecomastia, (man-boobs).  This is also why some women become ‘estrogen dominant’.  Don’t forget that testosterone builds muscle, drives libido, and increases lean-body mass.
3. Cortisol mobilizes energy by increasing blood-glucose and releasing fatty-acids into the blood stream. Omentum  has  many cortisol receptor sites.  Therefore, belly size is a good indicator of your stress levels.
4. Growth Hormone is a major player in maintaining lean body mass, and especially reducing visceral fat.  To maximize Growth Hormone levels, get a good night's sleep, and incorporate more intense, lactic acid producing exercise into your training plan.
5. Insufficient sleep causes an increase in the hunger hormone known as Ghrelin which is produced by the stomach.  Sleep deprivation promotes increased appetite.

Abdominal fat cells are biologically active & Act like  an endocrine  gland. pumps out immune system chemicals called cytokines — for example, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6.

Abdominal obesity represents one of the greatest health and cosmetic challenges in modern society.

Excess abdominal fat that grows around internal belly organs (also known as visceral fat) is linked with a host of undesirable conditions,including increased inflammation, and elevated risks of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.Belly fat is like a parasite doing damage to its host while perpetuating its survival.The adipocyte cells located in the mid-torso have the potential to super-enlarge.

Another variety of fat—the type that sits just under the skin—known as subcutaneous abdominal fat,which can lead to sagging belly skin and  lingers long, even  after excess pounds have been laboriously starved and exercised away.

 Visceral fat cells are predominantly studded with structures known as beta adrenoreceptors, which, when triggered by certain signals (prompted by reduced calorie intake, for example), stimulate the cells to undergo lipolysis,where as subcutaneous fat cells are primarily studded with alpha-2 adrenoreceptors and  far more resistant to shrinkage through exercise & dieting-induced lipolysis.

 Adipose tissue produces the satiety, (fullness), hormone known as Leptin in proportion to how much body fat you have.  Obese people become insensitive to Leptin hormone.
Leptin resistance is now believed to be both a cause and a consequence of obesity. “Once leptin resistance takes hold, it aggravates diet-induced obesity and the leptin resistance and obesity compound one another, promoting a vicious cycle of escalating weight gain. And according to a 2002 study, “accumulation of intra-abdominal [visceral] fat correlates with insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous fat deposition correlates with circulating leptin levels. Accordingly, it may be helpful to reduce subcutaneous belly fat in addition to visceral belly fat in order to prevent leptin resistance from developing.

Why subcutaneous fat is stubborn when compared to visceral fat?

Diet and/or exercise will reduce visceral fat.  Diet is more important to reduce subcutaneous fat.

you know,that Insulin works on fat cells by increasing fat storage and decreasing fat release. Subcutaneous (lower belly fat) is more sensitive to insulin compared to visceral fat so it is more difficult to burn.

Subcutaneous, lower belly fat has a decreased blood supply and is less sensitive to the catecholamines.

Insulin Resistance?

Total body insulin resistance is different than site specific insulin resistance. Fat tissue, liver, muscle tissue, brain can all be insulin resistant or insulin sensitive:

• insulin in brain= shuts off hunger= insulin resistance in brain= increased hunger
• Insulin in liver= decrease glucose production (inhibits gluconeogenesis) and decrease glycogen breakdown (inhibits glycogenolysis)= insulin resistance in liver= increased glucose production and increased glycogen breakdown= high fasting blood sugar
• Insulin in muscle tissue= increase glucose & fat uptake= insulin resistance in muscle= inability to burn fat and sugar
• Insulin in fat cell= increased fat storage and decreased fat release= insulin resistance in fat cell= decreased fat storage and increased fat release.
• So, ideal situation may be to remain insulin sensitive in muscle, brain, liver, BUT insulin resistant at the fat cell.

Diet / exercise.

• consume small portions of  nutritious (low calorific) balanced meals.
• protein: low glycemic carbs: good natural fats = 40:40:20
• aerobic,resistance,flexing /stretching.

Ashtanga yoga can be introduced to all children from school age.