The Right to Privacy: A Critical Look at Government Initiatives in India. India's journey to recognize the right to privacy began in the late 1950s, with the Supreme Court initially interpreting privacy within the ambit of the right to life and personal liberty as enshrined in Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. However, it was not until the landmark case of Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh in 1962 that the concept of privacy was acknowledged, though it was not explicitly recognized as a fundamental right. It was in the 2017 case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India that the Supreme Court declared privacy as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty, thereby granting it constitutional protection. This judgment was a response to the growing concerns over the Aadhaar system, a biometric-based identification program, and its potential for mass surveillance and data breaches. The right to privacy has emerged as a cornerstone of individual dignity
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